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AAOIFI FAS on Takaful Survey
AAOIFI FAS on Takaful Survey
1
Section 01: Background
2
Section 02: Questions on AAOIFI FAS on Takaful
3
Section 03: Applicability of international conventional comparable standards in insurance
4
Section 04: Other questions
You are kindly required to provide clarification if you are completing the survey information as an / behalf of:
individual expert
commercial entity
regulatory body
accounting body
professional body
Others
please provide details
Full name
*
First
Oragaization
*
Country
*
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
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Angola
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*
Designation
*
Class / type of insurer:
family takaful
general takaful
re-insurer
broker
composite insurer
conventional insurer / reinsurer with a Takaful window
other
please provide details
Please indicate which AAOIFI Financial Accounting Standards (FASs) and / or pronouncements your jurisdiction/institution applies and to what extent.
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has adopted all AAOIFI accounting standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has adopted certain AAOIFI accounting standards, along with other GAAP or locally developed standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has developed local standards that are in line with AAOIFI accounting standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has developed local accounting standards that are not in line with AAOIFI accounting standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has not adopted any standards and institutions are free to choose – most institutions have opted from AAOIFI accounting standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has not adopted any standards and institutions are free to choose – most institutions have opted other than AAOIFI accounting standards
I am not sure what the accounting framework is
Please indicate which AAOIFI Shari’ah standards and/or pronouncements your jurisdiction/ institution applies and to what extent.
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has adopted all AAOIFI Shari’ah standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has adopted certain AAOIFI Shari’ah standards, along with other GAAP or locally developed standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has developed local standards that are in line with AAOIFI Shari’ah standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has developed local Shari’ah standards that are not in line with AAOIFI Shari’ah standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has not adopted any standards and institutions are free to choose – most institutions have opted from AAOIFI Shari’ah standards
The local institution/organisation or the local jurisdiction has not adopted any standards and institutions are free to choose – most institutions have opted other than AAOIFI Shari’ah standards
I am not sure what the Shari’ah framework is
Which of the following AAOIFI FAS on Takaful standards do you follow/implement/apply?
Please click
Here
to access (read only) AAOIFI FAS on Takaful
AAOIFI FAS 12 “General Presentation and Disclosure in the Financial Statements of Islamic Insurance Companies”
AAOIFI FAS 13 “Disclosure of Bases for Determining and Allocating the Surplus or Deficit in Islamic Insurance Companies”
AAOIFI FAS 15 “Provisions and Reserves in Islamic Insurance Companies”
AAOIFI FAS 19 “Contributions in Islamic Insurance Companies”
Which of the following AAOIFI Shari’ah standards on Takaful do you follow / implement / apply?
Please click
Here
to access (read only) AAOIFI AAOIFI SS on Takaful
AAOIFI SS 26 “Islamic insurance”
AAOIFI SS 41 “Islamic reinsurance”
Please describe the Takaful model used by your organization:
Wakala model
Mudaraba model
Wakala Waqf model
cooperative model
Other(s)
please explain
Please answer all next questions with respect to both (where applicable):
*12-month contract boundaries – for example motor takaful/insurance, health takaful/insurance etc.
**more than 12-month contract boundaries – for example life, term takaful/insurance, savings products, engineering and etc.
*Takaful insurer writing short-term
**Takaful insurer writing long-term
AAOIFI FAS 12 “General Presentation and Disclosure in the Financial Statements of Islamic Insurance Companies”
In your opinion does AAOIFI FAS 12 presentation and disclosure requirements need to be improved for Takaful/ Islamic insurance companies in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance including the new presentation formats?
Yes
No
what changes would you prescribe for the following? Presentation [please explain with reason(s)]
Disclosures [please explain with reason(s)]
In your opinion which of the following options are the most suitable in revision of AAOIFI FAS 12?
Revised in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance
Revised in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance with modification option(s) considering the specific aspects of Shari’ah
No change(s) required.
Any other method [please explain with reason(s)]
Any other method [please explain with reason(s)]
Do you have any other feedback or suggested improvements regarding AAOIFI FAS 12?
AAOIFI FAS 13 “Disclosure of Bases for Determining and Allocating the Surplus or Deficit in Islamic Insurance Companies”
Takaful/ Islamic Insurance companies require to separate the funds into two i.e. policyholders’ funds (including investment fund) and shareholders’ funds. The newer requirements for profit / loss pattern will be changed over the total duration of contract under the international conventional comparable standards in insurance*
In your opinion what would be the possible revised basis to determine the remuneration of the party that manages the insurance operations, or do you agree that the bases will remain the same. Please provide rationale
In your opinion is there a need to revise the existing method of allocation of the surplus (or covering the deficit) to (or from) policyholders in AAOIFI FASs?
Yes
No
Do you think the remuneration fee is to be based on the contract period?
Yes
No
Please explain reason(s)
In your opinion which of the following options are the most suitable in revision of AAOIFI FAS 13?
Revised in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance
Revised in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance with modification option considering the specific aspects of Shari’ah
No change(s) required.
Any other method [please explain with reason(s)]
Any other method [please explain with reason(s)]
Do you have any other feedback or suggested improvements regarding AAOIFI FAS 13?
AAOIFI FAS 15 “Provisions and Reserves in Islamic Insurance Companies”
What are the types of reserves for Takaful /Islamic insurance? Please suggest any type(s) of reserves in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance
Will Deficit Reserves * or Equalization Reserves** (according to AAOIFI FAS 15) still need to be maintained by Takaful / Islamic insurance institutions in line with the requirements prescribed in the recently issued international accounting standards for insurance
*AAOIFI FAS 15 Deficit Reserve is an amount set aside from the surplus, before it is allocated to policyholders, to provide a cushion against any deficit which may take place in future financial periods.
**AAOIFI FAS 15 Equalization Reserve is an amount set aside from the surplus, before it is allocated to policyholders, to mitigate the effect of exceptionally high loss ratios which may take place in future financial periods for classes of insurance operations displaying a high degree of claims volatility.
Yes
No
Please explain reason(s)
Does the basis of calculating the main technical provisions / reserves provided in AAOIFI FAS15 need improvement in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance?
Yes
No
Please explain reason(s)
In your opinion what are the different technical reserves /provisions that your organization sets aside for Takaful operations under the current/existing reporting framework? Please explain the basis used:
Do you agree that the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of the reserves / provisions for Takaful / Islamic insurance institutions completely change because of the newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance?
i.e. IFRS-17/ IFRS-4/ MFRS-4/ MFRS-17 etc.
Yes
No
Please explain reason(s)
In your opinion which of the following options are the most suitable in revision of AAOIFI FAS 15?
Revised in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance.
Revised in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance with modification option considering the specific aspects of Shari’ah
No change(s) required.
Any other method [please explain the reason(s)]
Please explain the reason
Do you have any other feedback or suggested improvements regarding AAOIFI FAS 15?
AAOIFI FAS 19 “Contributions in Islamic Insurance Companies”
With reference to presentation in the financial statements, earned contributions are currently presented net of the reinsurance etc., Do you agree that the mechanism of calculating the earned contributions need to be revised in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance requirements? Please explain with reason(s)
i.e. IFRS-17/ IFRS-4/ MFRS-4/ MFRS-17 etc.
In your opinion which of the following options are the most suitable in revision of AAOIFI FAS 19?
Revised in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance.
Revised in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance with modification option considering the specific aspects of Shari’ah
No change(s) required.
Any other method [please explain the reason(s)]
Please explain the reason
Do you have any other feedback or suggested improvements regarding AAOIFI FAS 19?
In your opinion and understanding do you think the terminology* already provided by international accounting standards for insurance** can be applied in Takaful / Islamic insurance accounting?
*Such as Contractual Service Margin, Fulfilment Cash Flows, Interest Accretion, Risk Adjustment, etc.
**i.e. IFRS-17/ IFRS-4/ MFRS-4/ MFRS-17 etc.
Suitable if revised in line with Shari’ah requirements
Not suitable
Please explain reason(s)
In your opinion what other alternative definition(s) / terminologies are required in the FASs on Takaful to be better aligned with international accounting standards for insurance? Please provide alternative definition(s)
i.e. IFRS-17/ IFRS-4/ MFRS-4/ MFRS-17 etc.
Do you agree that the unearned profit (i.e. contractual service margin) would be zero as Takaful/ Islamic insurance institutions may be required to distribute the surplus back to policyholders under Participants’ Takaful Fund?
Yes
No
Please explain reason(s)
In your opinion / experience are the international accounting standards for insurance applicable to:
Participants’ Fund
Shareholders’ Fund
Takaful operator
Others (if any)
Please explain reason(s)
Do you have any comment(s) on how the international accounting standards for insurance may relate to any or all of the following Takaful models, in particular with the requirements of surplus/deficit sharing mechanism?
Wakala model
Mudaraba model
Wakala Waqf model
Cooperative model
Please explain reason(s)
Do you have any other comment(s) on the applicability of international accounting standards for insurance on Takaful insurer/reinsurer?
International accounting standards for insurance change the reporting level requirements (in terms of level of aggregation) as opposed to the line of business level. For example, similar risks are managed together at a portfolio or at a profitability level. Additionally, the underwriting years contracts will be tracked and monitored separately from other underwriting years. In your opinion what levels of aggregations / portfolio reporting would you suggest Takaful institutions require in line with Shari’ah requirements? Comment(s)
Onerous Contracts
Currently reserving technique vary significantly across countries for onerous contracts i.e. loss-making contracts. International comparable standard in insurance , requires setting up a reserve (e.g. such as the contribution deficiency reserves) at inception, if it is believed that the particular groups of contract(s) / portfolio(s) are onerous.
In your opinion should the calculation of a deficiency reserves be only for participant fund or both shareholders fund and participant fund?
Yes
No
Please provide rationale(s)
In your opinion the deficiency reserves should be calculated
at inception
at the time of loss realization
Please provide rationale(s)
It has been observed in some jurisdictions the participants' fund may remain in deficit due to excessive Wakala fees. In your opinion, would this mean that most of the Participants’ Takaful Funds may result in onerous obligations at inception?
Yes
No
Please provide rationale(s)
In your opinion if a portfolio(s) is onerous, resulting in deficit how should the Qard Hasan be allocated? Please provide rationale.
Measurement models and discounting
In your opinion which of the measurement models provided by international accounting standards for insurance are suitable for Takaful / Islamic insurance institutions? Comment(s) with a rationale for each opinion
i.e. IFRS-17/ IFRS-4/ MFRS-4/ MFRS-17 (such as Premium Allocation Approach, General Measurement Model and Variable Fee Approach) etc.
In your opinion what additional criteria for qualification should be added under each model that need to be followed in determining the model to be applied under the Takaful contracts? Comment(s)
In order to minimize complications should General Takaful products be limited to the existing international accounting standards for insurance* , irrespective of the duration of policy i.e. contractual boundaries less than one year or greater than one year? Alternatively, in your opinion should there be a contractual boundary duration period requirement in form of an eligibility test** e.g., where if the contractual boundaries are greater than one year, then it would require meeting the criteria of a measurement model?
*Such as limited to Premium Allocation Approach
**i.e. similar to the IFRS 17 PAA eligibility test
Yes
No
Risk adjustment
What is the time horizon used to determine the risk adjustment in your organization? Please explain rationale(s)
Does your organization have a defined methodology to determine the risk adjustment and related disclosures? Please explain rationale(s)
Do you foresee any Shariah issues in determining the Risk Adjustment? Please explain rationale(s)
Unit link Funds / Universal Life / other Protection and Saving Products
Background: Unbundled products are those products where the investment and protection components are identified separately and accounted for at inception and subsequent reporting periods. Shari’ah may require them to be segregated if a Takaful fund is under Waqf or simple Tabarru model where the investment amount for saving products are reported separately.
Please define / explain the current accounting practices for the following in your jurisdiction.
*Interest rate guarantees or maturity guarantees
Investment / savings element (with any guarantees*)
Investment / savings element (without any guarantees)
Risk / Protection contribution
Others (unbundled)
Please explain reason(s)
Does your organization offer bundled products? If yes, please state product type and details. Please explain the current accounting treatment(s)
Service fee / remuneration fee / Wakala Fees / Mudaraba Share / Cooperative Fee
In the existing accounting treatment, Wakala and other such management fee may include “Day one” profit/loss. They are usually related to the delivery of service rather than related to risk.
In your opinion what is the nature of this service fee charged on "Day one"? Please provide rationale
Do you agree with the service fee being deferred from inception in line with newer requirements in international accounting standards for insurance?
Yes
No
Comment(s)
In your existing accounting practice, how do you usually determine Wakala / Mudarib / Cooperative fee for Family Takaful long term contracts? Are there any maximum regulatory limits on the fee to be deducted? Please provide details
Qard Hasan
In your opinion when should Qard Hasan be provided for if losses are recognized upfront and profits deferred over the period? Please provide rationale
What is the current practice in your jurisdiction / organization for impairment testing of Qard Hasan? Please provide rationale
Resources and challenges
What resources do you anticipate are required to implement a revised FAS on Takaful? Please describe your internal resource needs for implementation.
In your opinion the revised FAS on Takaful for Takaful institutions should include the following:
Accounting (recognition, initial and subsequent measurements)
Presentation and disclosure requirements
Segment reporting
Illustrative financials
Interim condensed financials
Consolidation and related aspects
Other suggestion(s)
Others Suggustions
In adoption and implementation of a revised FAS on Takaful, an organization may anticipate challenges to comply with particular requirements. In your opinion what challenge(s) do you anticipate?
Shari’ah compliance such as discounting,
level of aggregation
underwriting discipline
treatment of surplus/deficit
onerous contract / commitments
subsequent measurement
Other challenge(s)
Other challenge(s)
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